Estado de situación de los corredores biológicos a nivel global y en Costa Rica
Fecha
2023-11-01
Autores
Chacón-Cascante, Adriana
Moreno Díaz, Mary Luz
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Los corredores biológicos son áreas que, en general, apoyan los esfuerzos de conservación de la biodiversidad que los gobiernos realizan en las Áreas Silvestres Protegidas (ASP). Son pasos entre un ASP y otra que permiten el tránsito de especies entre ellas. En Costa Rica, dentro de esta categoría, se incluye la modalidad de corredores biológicos interurbanos (CBI), que son áreas que permiten conectividad entre áreas verdes incluidas en paisajes urbanos. El objetivo del presente documento es analizar la situación de los corredores biológicos a nivel global y nacional a partir de revisión bibliográfica y de entrevistas a actores clave para identificar su importancia a nivel de estrategias de conservación en Costa Rica. La metodología empleada fue la de revisión bibliográfica sobre los CB, los marcos institucionales, su delimitación, importancia, conformación y valoración económica de sus servicios ecosistémicos. Lo anterior se complementó para el caso de Costa Rica, con entrevistas a actores clave. Se encontró que, aunque algunos CB efectivamente apoyan el traslado de especies entre un ASP y otra, también en algunos casos se desarrollan con objetivos de mejorar el ambiente y la calidad de vida de las poblaciones urbanas. También, se encontró que existen diferentes niveles de efectividad de estas zonas pero que tanto a nivel mundial como en Costa Rica no se han elaborado estudios integrales que permitan evaluar este aspecto. En Costa Rica hay un protocolo para la conformación de los corredores biológicos que permite la confluencia de diferentes actores, sin embargo, la efectiva participación de las comunidades en la gestión de los corredores biológicos no se ha realizado para todas estas áreas en Costa Rica, hay esfuerzos aislados. Como recomendaciones se sugiere la identificación de vacíos tanto en la conformación de estas zonas como en la identificación y aplicación de instrumentos como la valoración económica de los servicios ecosistémicos que permitan mejorar las decisiones de política en estas zonas.
Biological corridors are areas that, in general, support the biodiversity conservation efforts that governments carry out in Wildlife Protected Areas (WPAs). They are passages between one ASP and another that allow the passage of species between them. In Costa Rica, this category includes the modality of interurban biological corridors (CBI), which are areas that allow connectivity between green areas included in urban landscapes. The objective of this document is to analyze the situation of biological corridors at the global and national levels based on a literature review and interviews with key stakeholders to identify their importance in terms of conservation strategies in Costa Rica. The methodology used was a literature review on BCs, institutional frameworks, their delimitation, importance, conformation, and economic valuation of their ecosystem services. This was complemented in the case of Costa Rica with interviews with key stakeholders. It was found that, although some CBs effectively support the transfer of species between one WPA and another, in some cases they are also developed with the objective of improving the environment and the quality of life of urban populations. It was also found that there are different levels of effectiveness of these zones but that no comprehensive studies have been carried out worldwide or in Costa Rica to evaluate this aspect. In Costa Rica there is a protocol for the conformation of biological corridors that allows the confluence of different actors, however, the effective participation of the communities in the management of the corridors has not been carried out for all the biological corridors of Costa Rica, there are isolated efforts. As recommendations, it is suggested that gaps be identified both in the conformation of these zones and in the identification and application of instruments such as the economic valuation of ecosystem services to improve policy decisions in these zones.
Biological corridors are areas that, in general, support the biodiversity conservation efforts that governments carry out in Wildlife Protected Areas (WPAs). They are passages between one ASP and another that allow the passage of species between them. In Costa Rica, this category includes the modality of interurban biological corridors (CBI), which are areas that allow connectivity between green areas included in urban landscapes. The objective of this document is to analyze the situation of biological corridors at the global and national levels based on a literature review and interviews with key stakeholders to identify their importance in terms of conservation strategies in Costa Rica. The methodology used was a literature review on BCs, institutional frameworks, their delimitation, importance, conformation, and economic valuation of their ecosystem services. This was complemented in the case of Costa Rica with interviews with key stakeholders. It was found that, although some CBs effectively support the transfer of species between one WPA and another, in some cases they are also developed with the objective of improving the environment and the quality of life of urban populations. It was also found that there are different levels of effectiveness of these zones but that no comprehensive studies have been carried out worldwide or in Costa Rica to evaluate this aspect. In Costa Rica there is a protocol for the conformation of biological corridors that allows the confluence of different actors, however, the effective participation of the communities in the management of the corridors has not been carried out for all the biological corridors of Costa Rica, there are isolated efforts. As recommendations, it is suggested that gaps be identified both in the conformation of these zones and in the identification and application of instruments such as the economic valuation of ecosystem services to improve policy decisions in these zones.
Descripción
Palabras clave
CORREDORES BIOLÓGICOS, ÁREA DE PROTECCIÓN, ECOSISTEMAS, CORREDORES BIOLÓGICOS INTERURBANOS, SERVICIOS ECOSISTÉMICOS, COSTA RICA