GANANCIA GENÉTICA DE MELINA (Gmelina arborea ROXB.) EN COSTA RICA
Fecha
2018-06-12
Autores
Hernández Castro, William
Murillo Gamboa, Olman
Badilla Valverde, Yorleny
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Título del volumen
Editor
VII Congreso Forestal Latinoamericano
Resumen
La Gmelina arborea se ha se utilizado en proyectos de reforestación comercial debido a su extraordinaria tasa de crecimiento y rendimiento en plantación, convirtiéndose en una opción importante para el abastecimiento de materia prima para la industria forestal en Costa Rica. La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar los resultados del programa de melina, que forma parte de la cooperativa de mejoramiento genético GENFORES. Se evaluaron ensayos genéticos localizados en la región Caribe de Costa Rica (Siquirres) y en la zona sur del país (Pérez Zeledón), los cuales fueron establecidos utilizando un diseño de bloques completos al azar, 30 clones en promedio, seis repeticiones, cuatro plantas por parcela y un espaciamiento de 4.0 m x 4.0 m. Se evaluaron las variables diámetro a la altura del pecho (DAP), altura comercial (AltCom) y volumen comercial (VolCom) a diferentes edades. Los datos fueron analizados con el programa estadístico SELEGEN, utilizando el modelo estadístico Y=Xr+Za+Wp+T e, y se calcularon los parámetros genéticos de heredabilidad individual (h2), heredabilidad media clonal (h2mc), entre otros. Los resultados registran un progreso genético en VolCom de un 26% y de un 11% en DAP, en suelos ácidos de Pérez Zeledón, mientras que en el sitio con condiciones de mayor marginalidad (acidez severa), se obtuvo una ganancia genética esperada en VolCom de hasta un 40%, en relación
con la mejor fuente de semilla comercial del mercado. Los resultados en la zona del Caribe (Siquirres), registran una ganancia en VolCom de un 8% comparado con el uso de la mejor semilla comercial. Otros resultados del programa de mejoramiento genético en la zona sur (Osa) reportan una ganancia genética de un 25% en el VolCom. Los valores de H2 y H2mc varían para los sitios y variables evaluadas, para el caso en DAP fueron de 0.71 en promedio, mientras que para el VolCom varían entre 0.34 y 0. 66 en promedio. Se concluye que el material genético evaluado presenta un alto potencial para ser utilizado en el programa de mejoramiento genético de GENFORES y proyectos de reforestación comercial en el país, así como también se determinó la presencia de clones con capacidad de adaptarse a condiciones de suelos ácidos. Los autores agradecen a la Cooperativa GENFORES, al Consejo Nacional para Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas (CONICIT) y a la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica por el financiamiento de la investigación.
Gmelina arborea has been used in commercial reforestation projects due to its extraordinary growth rate and plantation yield, making it an important option for the supply of raw material for the forestry industry in Costa Rica. The objective of this research was to evaluate the results of the melina program, which is part of the GENFORES genetic improvement cooperative. Genetic trials located in the Caribbean region of Costa Rica (Siquirres) and in the southern part of the country (Pérez Zeledón) were evaluated using a randomized complete block design, 30 clones on average, six replications, four plants per plot and a 4.0 m x 4.0 m spacing. The following variables were evaluated diameter at breast height (DBH), commercial height (AltCom) and commercial volume (VolCom) were evaluated at different ages. at different ages. The data were analyzed with the statistical program SELEGEN, using the statistical model Y=Xr+Za+Wp+T e, and the genetic parameters of individual heritability (h2), mean clonal heritability (h2mc), among others, were calculated. The results show a genetic progress in VolCom of 26% and 11% in DBH, in acid soils of Pérez Zeledón, while in the site with more marginal conditions (severe acidity), an expected genetic gain in VolCom of up to 40% was obtained, in relation to the best commercial seed source. the best commercial seed source on the market. The results in the Caribbean zone (Siquirres) show a gain in VolCom of 8% compared to the use of the best commercial seed. Other results from the genetic improvement program in the southern zone (Osa) report a genetic gain of 25% in VolCom. The values of H2 and H2mc vary for the sites and variables evaluated, for the case of DBH they were 0.71 on average, while for VolCom they vary between 0.34 and 0.66 on average. It is concluded that the genetic material evaluated has a high potential to be used in the GENFORES genetic improvement program and commercial reforestation projects in the country, as well as the presence of clones with the capacity to adapt to acid soil conditions. The authors would like to thank the GENFORES Cooperative, the National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICIT) and the National University of Costa Rica for funding the research.
Gmelina arborea has been used in commercial reforestation projects due to its extraordinary growth rate and plantation yield, making it an important option for the supply of raw material for the forestry industry in Costa Rica. The objective of this research was to evaluate the results of the melina program, which is part of the GENFORES genetic improvement cooperative. Genetic trials located in the Caribbean region of Costa Rica (Siquirres) and in the southern part of the country (Pérez Zeledón) were evaluated using a randomized complete block design, 30 clones on average, six replications, four plants per plot and a 4.0 m x 4.0 m spacing. The following variables were evaluated diameter at breast height (DBH), commercial height (AltCom) and commercial volume (VolCom) were evaluated at different ages. at different ages. The data were analyzed with the statistical program SELEGEN, using the statistical model Y=Xr+Za+Wp+T e, and the genetic parameters of individual heritability (h2), mean clonal heritability (h2mc), among others, were calculated. The results show a genetic progress in VolCom of 26% and 11% in DBH, in acid soils of Pérez Zeledón, while in the site with more marginal conditions (severe acidity), an expected genetic gain in VolCom of up to 40% was obtained, in relation to the best commercial seed source. the best commercial seed source on the market. The results in the Caribbean zone (Siquirres) show a gain in VolCom of 8% compared to the use of the best commercial seed. Other results from the genetic improvement program in the southern zone (Osa) report a genetic gain of 25% in VolCom. The values of H2 and H2mc vary for the sites and variables evaluated, for the case of DBH they were 0.71 on average, while for VolCom they vary between 0.34 and 0.66 on average. It is concluded that the genetic material evaluated has a high potential to be used in the GENFORES genetic improvement program and commercial reforestation projects in the country, as well as the presence of clones with the capacity to adapt to acid soil conditions. The authors would like to thank the GENFORES Cooperative, the National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICIT) and the National University of Costa Rica for funding the research.
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Palabras clave
COSTA RICA, GANANCIA GÉNETICA, GENETIC GAIN, GENFORES, INDUSTRIA FORESTAL, FOREST INDUSTRY, MELINA, PÉREZ ZELEDÓN, SIQUIRRES, VOLUMEN COMERCIAL, TRADE VOLUME