Aspectos Biológico - Pesqueros de la Corvina Reina (Cynoscion Albus) en el Área Marina de Pesca Responsable Paquera-Tambor, Golfo de Nicoya, Costa Rica
Fecha
2019
Autores
Cruz Mena, Óscar Isaac
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
Resumen. La corvina reina Cynoscion albus es la especie de corvina que alcanza los mayores tamaños en el Golfo de Nicoya y es una de las especies comerciales más relevantes de esta región. No obstante, en los últimos años se ha encontrado en estado de sobrepesca. Considerando su importancia en términos pesqueros, el objetivo de este trabajo fue contribuir a la gestión pesquera del Golfo de Nicoya determinando aspectos de relevancia biológica - pesquera para la corvina reina (Cynoscion albus) en el Área Marina de Pesca Responsable Paquera-Tambor. Se trabajó con un total de 285 especímenes, con un ámbito de longitudes entre los 21,2 - 106 cm, con una proporción de sexos de 0,78 machos por cada hembra y teniendo la población cuatro cohortes o grupos de edad. Se evidenció que la corvina reina basa su dieta en 19 ítems alimenticios, de los cuales el ítem dominante fue restos de peces, seguido de restos de camarones. También se determinó que C. albus es fundamentalmente especialista en su dieta y que los 90 estómagos analizados fueron suficientes para describir la misma. Esta especie está posicionada en el tercer nivel trófico, con un valor de TLk= 3,54. La relación longitud - peso para los individuos de C. albus fue de P=0,014·Lt 2,90 (R2=0,90), presentando un crecimiento isométrico (p= 0,06971), en donde el valor de b no fue estadísticamente diferente de 3. Los parámetros poblacionales determinados fueron: L∞=108,6 cm, K=0,3 por año; t0= -0,38; W∞=11 701,98 g y Ø’= 3,55. Dicha especie alcanza tanto la longitud como el peso asintótico aproximadamente a los 15 años de edad. Las tasas de mortalidad estimadas fueron: Z= 1,14; M= 0,56 y F= 0,58, siendo la mortalidad por pesca la que influye más en la mortalidad total del recurso. La tasa de explotación fue de E= 0,51; estando por encima del equilibrio. Mediante el análisis macroscópico de gónadas y el índice gonadosomático de 124 especímenes de corvina reina se determinó que los periodos de desove están más marcados en los meses de marzo así como entre setiembre y noviembre. La talla media de primera madurez para las hembras de C. albus se estableció en 52 cm de longitud total. Los sitios propuestos en un principio por los pescadores como zonas de reproducción y/o crecimiento mediante las consultas en el presente estudio y estudios previos resultaron ser potenciales áreas de crecimiento de dicha especie. A su vez, hay zonas potenciales que puede estar utilizando esta especie para su desove de acuerdo con los estadios de madurez y longitudes analizados en este trabajo. A pesar de que la especie no se encuentra sobreexplotada en el área de estudio, se recomienda regular su captura sobre todo en los meses de mayor actividad reproductiva y proteger los sitios de crecimiento.
Abstract. Whitefin weakfish Cynoscion albus is the weakfish species that reaches the largest size in the Gulf of Nicoya and is one of the most relevant commercial species on this region. However, in recent years, it has been found in overfishing status. Based on his fishery importance, the aim of this study was to contribute to the fisheries management of the Gulf of Nicoya determining relevant biological - fishing aspects for whitefin weakfish (Cynoscion albus) in the Marine Area of Responsible Fishing Paquera - Tambor. A total of 285 specimens were studied, with a range between 21,2-106 cm, with a sex ratio 0,78 males for each female and the population having four cohorts or age groups. It was evidenced that corvina reina bases its diet on 19 nutritional items, of which the dominant item was fish remains, followed by shrimp remains. It was also determined that C. albus is fundamentally specialist in its diet and the 90 analyzed stomachs were sufficient to describe it. This species is positioned at the third trophic level, with a TLk value of 3,54. The length - weight ratio for C. albus individuals was P=0,014·TL 2,90 (R2=0,90), presenting an isometric growth (p = 0,06971), where the value of b was not statistically different from 3. The population parameters determinated were: L∞ = 108,6 cm, K = 0,3; t0 = -0,38; W∞ = 11 701,98 and Ø = 3,55. This species reaches both length and asymptotic weight at approximately 15 years of age. The estimated mortality rates were: Z = 1,14; M = 0,56 and F = 0,58, being fishing mortality the one that most influences the total mortality of the resource. The exploitation rate was E = 0,51; being above the equilibrium. Through the macroscopic analysis of gonads and the gonadosomatic index of 124 whitefin weakfish specimens, it was determinated that spawning periods were more marked in March as well as between September and November. The first sexual maturity size for C. albus females was established in 52 cm of total length. The sites originally proposed by fishermen as breeding areas and/or growth zones through the consultations in this study and previous studies turned out to be potential areas for growth of this species. In turn, there are potential areas that may be using this species for spawning according to the stages of maturity and lengths analyzed in this work. Although the species is not overexploited in the study site, it is recommended to regulate its capture mainly in months of greater reproductive activity and also to protect the growth sites.
Abstract. Whitefin weakfish Cynoscion albus is the weakfish species that reaches the largest size in the Gulf of Nicoya and is one of the most relevant commercial species on this region. However, in recent years, it has been found in overfishing status. Based on his fishery importance, the aim of this study was to contribute to the fisheries management of the Gulf of Nicoya determining relevant biological - fishing aspects for whitefin weakfish (Cynoscion albus) in the Marine Area of Responsible Fishing Paquera - Tambor. A total of 285 specimens were studied, with a range between 21,2-106 cm, with a sex ratio 0,78 males for each female and the population having four cohorts or age groups. It was evidenced that corvina reina bases its diet on 19 nutritional items, of which the dominant item was fish remains, followed by shrimp remains. It was also determined that C. albus is fundamentally specialist in its diet and the 90 analyzed stomachs were sufficient to describe it. This species is positioned at the third trophic level, with a TLk value of 3,54. The length - weight ratio for C. albus individuals was P=0,014·TL 2,90 (R2=0,90), presenting an isometric growth (p = 0,06971), where the value of b was not statistically different from 3. The population parameters determinated were: L∞ = 108,6 cm, K = 0,3; t0 = -0,38; W∞ = 11 701,98 and Ø = 3,55. This species reaches both length and asymptotic weight at approximately 15 years of age. The estimated mortality rates were: Z = 1,14; M = 0,56 and F = 0,58, being fishing mortality the one that most influences the total mortality of the resource. The exploitation rate was E = 0,51; being above the equilibrium. Through the macroscopic analysis of gonads and the gonadosomatic index of 124 whitefin weakfish specimens, it was determinated that spawning periods were more marked in March as well as between September and November. The first sexual maturity size for C. albus females was established in 52 cm of total length. The sites originally proposed by fishermen as breeding areas and/or growth zones through the consultations in this study and previous studies turned out to be potential areas for growth of this species. In turn, there are potential areas that may be using this species for spawning according to the stages of maturity and lengths analyzed in this work. Although the species is not overexploited in the study site, it is recommended to regulate its capture mainly in months of greater reproductive activity and also to protect the growth sites.
Descripción
Cruz Mena, Ó. I. (2019). Aspectos Biológico - Pesqueros de la Corvina Reina (Cynoscion Albus) en el Área Marina de Pesca Responsable Paquera-Tambor, Golfo de Nicoya, Costa Rica [Tesis de Maestría, Universidad Nacional].
Palabras clave
CYNOSCION ALBUS, CORVINA, CRECIMIENTO, REPRODUCCIÓN, GOLFO DE NICOYA (COSTA RICA), GROWTH, REPRODUCTION, GULF OF NICOYA (COSTA RICA)
