Gestión comunitaria del agua como factor clave en el desarrollo sostenible de la región Chorotega: un enfoque para el fortalecimiento de capacidades desde la academia.
Fecha
2024
Autores
Suárez Serrano, Andrea
Golcher, Christian
Baldioceda-Garro, Alvaro
Johanna Rojas-Conejo
López Maietta, María Teresa
Guillén-Watson, Anny
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica
Resumen
La gobernanza sostenible del agua es un proceso que guía los esfuerzos de las
personas para alcanzar los objetivos de sostenibilidad y justicia del agua. La gestión
comunitaria del agua realizada por las Asociaciones Administradoras de Acueductos
Rurales (ASADAS) en Costa Rica y Latinoamérica requiere de mucho apoyo y
acompañamiento, este modelo de gestión ofrece importantes ventajas para la
democratización del acceso al recurso hídrico e innovación social. Este trabajo tiene
como objetivo realizar una reflexión crítica sobre el abordaje de los procesos de
fortalecimiento de capacidades realizados desde el 2011-2022 en la Región
Chorotega mediante la metodología de sistematización basada en experiencias. A
partir del proceso de reconstrucción histórica y análisis crítico - reflexivo, se
identificaron tres fases en el desarrollo de la acción sustantiva del HIDROCEC-UNA
para el fortalecimiento del modelo de gestión comunitaria del agua en la región
Chorotega (Fase 1: exploratoria; fase 2: fortalecimiento de capacidades en ASADAS;Federaciones, Ligas y Uniones de ASADAS como organizaciones de segundo nivel y
organizaciones voluntarias a nivel comunitario para la protección del agua. La
reflexión e interpretación crítica del proceso se realizó identificando cuatro hitos más
relevantes a raíz de las tres fases antes mencionadas, en donde en la fase uno, se
determinó el hito 1; de la fase dos, se reconoció el hito 2 y de la fase tres los hitos 3
y 4. En diferentes fases se ha trabajado con las ASADAS bajo el enfoque de cuenca
hidrográfica y el de planes de seguridad del agua para potenciar la gestión sostenible
del agua y más recientemente el trabajo con organizaciones de segundo nivel como
lo son las Federaciones Ligas y Uniones para el fortalecimiento de la gobernanza del
agua regional. Estos procesos se han abordado a través de: la colaboración científico-
técnica para la mejora de la gestión del agua, participación en los procesos de tomas
de muestras e interpretación de resultados para la toma de decisiones, identificación
de necesidades para la formulación de proyectos. A partir de estos espacios de
trabajo generados a través de 14 proyectos, trabajando con 115 ASADAS, a partir de
las necesidades y desafíos identificadas en conjunto para fortalecer la gestión
comunitaria del agua. En conclusión, la importancia de los procesos de fortalecimiento
de capacidades para la construcción dialógica entre las personas participantes
académicas, estudiantes, miembros de instituciones públicas y los actores de las
comunidades contribuye a fortalecer la gobernanza del agua en la región Chorotega.
Por lo tanto, la continuidad en el fortalecimiento del trabajo con las ASADAS desde la
academia es fundamental para mejorar la gestión del agua en la región Chorotega, a
nivel de ASADAS como con las organizaciones de segundo nivel (FLUS) ya que estas
organizaciones son modelos de innovación social, desde los cuales se puede
satisfacer las necesidades sociales a través del trabajo colaborativo y a la vez
potenciar la acción para mejorar la gestión del agua.
Sustainable water governance is a process that guides people's efforts to achieve the objectives of sustainability and water justice. The community water management carried out by the Rural Aqueduct Management Associations (ASADAS) in Costa Rica and Latin America requires a lot of support and accompaniment, this management model offers important advantages for the democratization of access to water resources and social innovation. This paper aims to make a critical reflection on the approach to capacity building processes carried out from 2011-2022 in the Chorotega Region through the methodology of systematization based on experiences. From the process of historical reconstruction and critical - reflective analysis, three phases were identified in the development of the substantive action of HIDROCEC-UNA for strengthening the model of community water management in the Chorotega region (Phase 1: exploratory; phase 2: capacity building in ASADAS; phase 3: strengthening of organized groups such as the specific Association, Federations, Leagues and Unions of ASADAS as second level organizations and voluntary organizations at the community level for the protection of water. The reflection and critical interpretation of the process was carried out by identifying four most relevant milestones as a result of the three phases mentioned above, where in phase one, milestone 1 was determined; from phase two, milestone 2 was recognized and from phase three milestones 3 and 4 were identified. In different phases, work has been done with the ASADAS under the watershed approach and the water security plans to enhance sustainable water management and more recently the work with second level organizations such as the Federations, Leagues and Unions to strengthen regional water governance. These processes have been addressed through scientific-technical collaboration for the improvement of water management, participation in sampling processes and interpretation of results for decision making, identification of needs for project formulation. From these workspaces generated through 14 projects and 115 ASADAS from the needs and challenges identified together to strengthen community water management. In conclusion, the importance of capacity building processes for the construction of dialogue between academic participants, students, members of public institutions and community stakeholders contributes to strengthening water governance in the Chorotega region. Therefore, the continuity in strengthening the work with the ASADAS from the academia is fundamental to improve water management in the Chorotega region, at the ASADAS level as well as with the second level organizations (FLUS) since these organizations are models of social innovation, from which social needs can be met through collaborative work and at the same time enhance the action to improve water management.
Sustainable water governance is a process that guides people's efforts to achieve the objectives of sustainability and water justice. The community water management carried out by the Rural Aqueduct Management Associations (ASADAS) in Costa Rica and Latin America requires a lot of support and accompaniment, this management model offers important advantages for the democratization of access to water resources and social innovation. This paper aims to make a critical reflection on the approach to capacity building processes carried out from 2011-2022 in the Chorotega Region through the methodology of systematization based on experiences. From the process of historical reconstruction and critical - reflective analysis, three phases were identified in the development of the substantive action of HIDROCEC-UNA for strengthening the model of community water management in the Chorotega region (Phase 1: exploratory; phase 2: capacity building in ASADAS; phase 3: strengthening of organized groups such as the specific Association, Federations, Leagues and Unions of ASADAS as second level organizations and voluntary organizations at the community level for the protection of water. The reflection and critical interpretation of the process was carried out by identifying four most relevant milestones as a result of the three phases mentioned above, where in phase one, milestone 1 was determined; from phase two, milestone 2 was recognized and from phase three milestones 3 and 4 were identified. In different phases, work has been done with the ASADAS under the watershed approach and the water security plans to enhance sustainable water management and more recently the work with second level organizations such as the Federations, Leagues and Unions to strengthen regional water governance. These processes have been addressed through scientific-technical collaboration for the improvement of water management, participation in sampling processes and interpretation of results for decision making, identification of needs for project formulation. From these workspaces generated through 14 projects and 115 ASADAS from the needs and challenges identified together to strengthen community water management. In conclusion, the importance of capacity building processes for the construction of dialogue between academic participants, students, members of public institutions and community stakeholders contributes to strengthening water governance in the Chorotega region. Therefore, the continuity in strengthening the work with the ASADAS from the academia is fundamental to improve water management in the Chorotega region, at the ASADAS level as well as with the second level organizations (FLUS) since these organizations are models of social innovation, from which social needs can be met through collaborative work and at the same time enhance the action to improve water management.
Descripción
A partir de la elaboración de la ponencia y manuscrito presentado en el IV
Congreso de Extensión de la Vicerrectoría de extensión
Palabras clave
acueductos comunales rurales, agua, gestión comunitaria del agua,, gobernanza, organizaciones comunitarias de servicios de agua y saneamiento (OCSAS), community-based water and sanitation services organizations, community management, rural water systems, water, water governance