Aportes de la psicología a la gestión integral del recurso hídrico. Diagnóstico de potencialidades psicosociales en Birrí, Santa Bárbara de Heredia
Fecha
2012-02
Autores
Vásquez Montero, Karen
Villalta Murillo, Nathalia
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La presente tesis tiene como propósito general desarrollar un proceso de investigación- acción participativa para estudiar las potencialidades psicosociales que poseen las y los habitantes de Birrí del cantón de Santa Bárbara de Heredia, a fin de promover la gestión integral del recurso hídrico. Utilizando la psicología ambiental comunitaria como referente teórico. Para ello, se plantean tres importantes categorías: el sentido de identidad comunitaria, la organización comunal y la conciencia ambiental. El sentido de identidad comunitaria refiere a los lazos comunes compartidos y la afiliación por pertenecer a la comunidad, concluyendo que: a) Una reconstrucción de eventos pasados despierta en las personas sentimientos, que generan pertenencia grupal, a fin de mantener el desarrollo histórico y dar continuidad al trabajo realizado por antepasados con respecto al acueducto. b) La riqueza natural, representada por las nacientes, genera apego e identificación hacia el territorio dada la significativa carga simbólica que poseen, ya que son visualizadas como patrimonio comunal, promoviéndose así su protección. c) Reconocer elementos culturales propios e identificar características similares en otras comunidades que han tenido éxito en la autogestión del recurso hídrico, motivan al empoderamiento. La organización comunal, es entendida como un proceso que moviliza a la población para conseguir objetivos y producir cambios, a partir del análisis se obtiene que: a) Existe una importante necesidad de crear una comisión encargada del acueducto, para lo cual es fundamental apoyarse en organizaciones e instituciones comunales en donde el éxito depende de la realización concreta de sus metas. b) Se requiere de un liderazgo transformador que fomente mayor participación basada en el carácter altruista que poseen los y las habitantes. La conciencia ambiental, se manifiesta como un proceso psicosocial de conocimientos, afectos, disposiciones y acciones en favor del ecosistema. Así se ultima que: a) Existe poco manejo de información respecto de esta temática. b) Surgen sentimientos tales como tristeza y miedo, en relación con la condición ecológica, el estado de los recursos y la posible escasez del agua. c) Debido a esto las personas se sienten dispuestas a trabajar de manera amigable con el ambiente. d) Dichas intenciones, sin embargo, no precisamente simbolizan acciones tangibles. Por último, se reconoce que a raíz del proceso de investigación, surge una trasformación comunal, demostrada mediante el cambio actitudinal y el deseo de negociación presentes en el planteamiento de un proyecto propuesto por la comunidad para administrar conjuntamente con la Municipalidad el acueducto. Obteniéndose como resultado una respuesta positiva por parte del ente, siendo esto un importante paso hacia la autogestión evidencia de la apropiación e intento de lograr una adecuada gestión integral del recurso hídrico.
The general purpose of this thesis is to develop a participatory action research process to study the psychosocial potential of the inhabitants of Birrí in the canton of Santa Bárbara de Heredia, in order to promote the integrated management of water resources. Using community environmental psychology as a theoretical reference, three important categories are proposed: the sense of community identity, communal organization, and environmental awareness. The sense of community identity refers to shared common ties and affiliation for belonging to the community, concluding that: a) A reconstruction of past events awakens in people feelings that generate group belonging, in order to maintain historical development and give continuity to the work done by ancestors with respect to the aqueduct. b) Natural wealth, represented by the springs, generates attachment and identification with the territory given the significant symbolic charge they possess, since they are viewed as communal heritage, thus promoting their protection. c) Recognizing one's own cultural elements and identifying similar characteristics in other communities that have been successful in self-managing water resources motivates empowerment. Community organization is understood as a process that mobilizes the population to achieve goals and bring about change. The analysis shows that: a) There is a significant need to create a commission in charge of the aqueduct, for which it is essential to rely on community organizations and institutions where success depends on the concrete realization of their goals. b) Transformative leadership is required to foster greater participation based on the altruistic nature of the inhabitants. Environmental awareness manifests itself as a psychosocial process of knowledge, affections, dispositions, and actions that benefit the ecosystem. It is concluded that: a) There is little information management regarding this topic. b) Feelings such as sadness and fear arise in relation to the ecological condition, the state of resources, and possible water scarcity. c) Because of this, people feel willing to work in an environmentally friendly manner. d) These intentions, however, do not necessarily symbolize tangible actions. Finally, it is recognized that, as a result of the research process, a communal transformation emerged, demonstrated by the attitudinal shift and the desire to negotiate present in the proposal for a project proposed by the community to jointly manage the aqueduct with the Municipality. The result was a positive response from the entity, which is an important step toward self-management, evidence of ownership and the attempt to achieve adequate comprehensive management of water resources.
The general purpose of this thesis is to develop a participatory action research process to study the psychosocial potential of the inhabitants of Birrí in the canton of Santa Bárbara de Heredia, in order to promote the integrated management of water resources. Using community environmental psychology as a theoretical reference, three important categories are proposed: the sense of community identity, communal organization, and environmental awareness. The sense of community identity refers to shared common ties and affiliation for belonging to the community, concluding that: a) A reconstruction of past events awakens in people feelings that generate group belonging, in order to maintain historical development and give continuity to the work done by ancestors with respect to the aqueduct. b) Natural wealth, represented by the springs, generates attachment and identification with the territory given the significant symbolic charge they possess, since they are viewed as communal heritage, thus promoting their protection. c) Recognizing one's own cultural elements and identifying similar characteristics in other communities that have been successful in self-managing water resources motivates empowerment. Community organization is understood as a process that mobilizes the population to achieve goals and bring about change. The analysis shows that: a) There is a significant need to create a commission in charge of the aqueduct, for which it is essential to rely on community organizations and institutions where success depends on the concrete realization of their goals. b) Transformative leadership is required to foster greater participation based on the altruistic nature of the inhabitants. Environmental awareness manifests itself as a psychosocial process of knowledge, affections, dispositions, and actions that benefit the ecosystem. It is concluded that: a) There is little information management regarding this topic. b) Feelings such as sadness and fear arise in relation to the ecological condition, the state of resources, and possible water scarcity. c) Because of this, people feel willing to work in an environmentally friendly manner. d) These intentions, however, do not necessarily symbolize tangible actions. Finally, it is recognized that, as a result of the research process, a communal transformation emerged, demonstrated by the attitudinal shift and the desire to negotiate present in the proposal for a project proposed by the community to jointly manage the aqueduct with the Municipality. The result was a positive response from the entity, which is an important step toward self-management, evidence of ownership and the attempt to achieve adequate comprehensive management of water resources.
Descripción
Licenciatura en Psicología
Palabras clave
AGUA, WATER, RECURSOS HÍDRICOS, WATER RESOURCES, MEDIO AMBIENTE, ENVIRONMENT, ASPECTOS SOCIALES, MANEJO AMBIENTAL, SOCIAL ASPECTS, ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
