Ingresos fiscales y elasticidades tributarias : estimación de las elasticidades tributarias de corto y largo plazo para los principales impuestos.
Fecha
2013-01-01
Autores
Conejo-Fernández, Carlos
Otoya Chavarría, Marco
Cardoza Rodríguez, David
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Editor
Editorial Universidad Nacional
Resumen
Este artículo tiene como objetivo proporcionar una medición de las elasticidades de los principales impuestos del sistema tributario costarricense, de manera que permita dar señales sobre los efectos que se pueden percibir conforme sucedan los cambios en la economía y que contribuya al análisis de las situación fiscal del país. Las estimaciones de las elasticidades se obtienen por medio de la aplicación de un modelo de regresión y se estiman las elasticidades de corto y largo plazo.
Las elasticidades tributarias miden el cambio que experimentan los ingresos tributarios ante cambios en el ingreso o producción nacional. Si la recaudación depende de varios factores, lo fundamental es determinar para cuál factor es útil calcular la elasticidad, a la vez, debe tenerse presente que el valor de la elasticidad depende básicamente de la estructura impositiva y de la progresividad del sistema. La elasticidad de la recaudación tributaria es una variable de gran importancia en los análisis de la evolución fiscal y para las proyecciones de ingresos tributarios. Los resultados muestran que la elasticidad de largo plazo de los ingresos presenta un comportamiento elástico con respecto a las bases que se especificaron para cada impuesto.
The objective of this article is to provide a measurement of the elasticities of the main taxes of the Costa Rican tax system, in order to give signals about the effects that can be perceived as changes in the economy occur and that contributes to the analysis of the fiscal situation of the country. Elasticity estimates are obtained through the application of a regression model and short and long-term elasticities are estimated. Tax elasticities measure the change in tax revenues in response to changes in national income or production. If the collection depends on several factors, the fundamental thing is to determine for which factor it is useful to calculate the elasticity, at the same time, it must be kept in mind that the value of the elasticity depends basically on the tax structure and the progressivity of the system. The elasticity of tax collection is a variable of great importance in the analysis of fiscal evolution and for projections of tax revenue. The results show that the long-term elasticity of income shows an elastic behavior with respect to the bases that were specified for each tax.
The objective of this article is to provide a measurement of the elasticities of the main taxes of the Costa Rican tax system, in order to give signals about the effects that can be perceived as changes in the economy occur and that contributes to the analysis of the fiscal situation of the country. Elasticity estimates are obtained through the application of a regression model and short and long-term elasticities are estimated. Tax elasticities measure the change in tax revenues in response to changes in national income or production. If the collection depends on several factors, the fundamental thing is to determine for which factor it is useful to calculate the elasticity, at the same time, it must be kept in mind that the value of the elasticity depends basically on the tax structure and the progressivity of the system. The elasticity of tax collection is a variable of great importance in the analysis of fiscal evolution and for projections of tax revenue. The results show that the long-term elasticity of income shows an elastic behavior with respect to the bases that were specified for each tax.
Descripción
Palabras clave
COSTA RICA, POLITICA FISCAL, ECONOMETRÍA, TRIBUTACIÓN, IMPUESTOS, FINANCIAL POLICY, ECONOMETRICS, TAXATION, TAXES