Estabilidad y crecimiento en la Costa Rica actual: ¿ciclo recesivo o crisis del desarrollo?
Fecha
1997-08-01
Autores
Mora Jimenez, HENRY Manuel
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Con la finalidad de contribuir a precisar los términos del debate sobre el estado actual de la economía costarricense, así como de su comportamiento probable en el corto y mediano plazo, el presente trabajo enfatiza los siguientes elementos de análisis.
1. La estabilidad macroeconómica alcanzada: su importancia, su grado de fragilidad, y las políticas adecuadas para su sostenibilidad.
2. El diagnóstico global de la economía en la actual coyuntura.
3. La conformación de una agenda preliminar de discusión para emprender la reactivación y retomar el rumbo del desarrollo económico y social.
De conformidad con el plan sugerido, el trabajo se divide en seis partes. En el primer apartado repasamos aspectos cruciales a tener en cuenta para un adecuado entendimiento de la relación entre las políticas de estabilización y las reformas estructurales en países de vías de desarrollo. En la parte II presentamos y comentamos el comportamiento de los principales indicadores de estabilidad macroeconómica, para luego (apartado III) analizar diversas presiones estructurales sobre la estabilidad que han venido atentando contra las metas propuestas por los últimos gobiernos. En el apartado IV se examina el carácter específico de la recesión económica de los últimos meses, y se critica el diagnóstico “oficial” que prevalece entre los economistas vinculados con los dos partidos políticos tradicionales. En el apartado siguiente se discute sobre lo que se considera el dilema principal de la política económica de los meses venideros: profundizar un ajuste de tipo neoliberal (concentrador y excluyente), o emprender un viraje estratégico hacia un desarrollo productivo y social ambientalmente sostenible. Finalmente, en el apartado VI se presenta una agenda preliminar de discusión para el logro de la anhelada estabilidad sin sacrificar el crecimiento económico ni la equidad social.
In order to help clarify the terms of the debate on the current state of the Costa Rican economy, as well as its probable behavior in the short and medium term, this paper emphasizes the following elements of analysis. 1. The macroeconomic stability achieved: its importance, its degree of fragility, and the appropriate policies for its sustainability. 2. The global diagnosis of the economy in the current situation. 3. The formation of a preliminary discussion agenda to start the revival and resume the course of economic and social development. In accordance with the suggested plan, the work is divided into six parts. In the first section we review crucial aspects to take into account for a proper understanding of the relationship between stabilization policies and structural reforms in developing countries. In part II we present and comment on the behavior of the main indicators of macroeconomic stability, and then (section III) analyze various structural pressures on stability that have been undermining the goals proposed by the latest governments. Section IV examines the specific nature of the economic recession in recent months, and criticizes the "official" diagnosis that prevails among economists linked to the two traditional political parties. The following section discusses what is considered the main dilemma of economic policy in the coming months: deepening a neoliberal adjustment (concentrator and exclusionary), or undertaking a strategic shift towards environmentally sustainable productive and social development. Finally, section VI presents a preliminary discussion agenda for achieving the desired stability without sacrificing economic growth or social equity.
In order to help clarify the terms of the debate on the current state of the Costa Rican economy, as well as its probable behavior in the short and medium term, this paper emphasizes the following elements of analysis. 1. The macroeconomic stability achieved: its importance, its degree of fragility, and the appropriate policies for its sustainability. 2. The global diagnosis of the economy in the current situation. 3. The formation of a preliminary discussion agenda to start the revival and resume the course of economic and social development. In accordance with the suggested plan, the work is divided into six parts. In the first section we review crucial aspects to take into account for a proper understanding of the relationship between stabilization policies and structural reforms in developing countries. In part II we present and comment on the behavior of the main indicators of macroeconomic stability, and then (section III) analyze various structural pressures on stability that have been undermining the goals proposed by the latest governments. Section IV examines the specific nature of the economic recession in recent months, and criticizes the "official" diagnosis that prevails among economists linked to the two traditional political parties. The following section discusses what is considered the main dilemma of economic policy in the coming months: deepening a neoliberal adjustment (concentrator and exclusionary), or undertaking a strategic shift towards environmentally sustainable productive and social development. Finally, section VI presents a preliminary discussion agenda for achieving the desired stability without sacrificing economic growth or social equity.
Descripción
Palabras clave
COSTA RICA, MACROECONOMÍA, DESARROLLO ECONÓMICO Y SOCIAL, MACROECONOMIC, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT