Criterios para el establecimiento de la zona de amortiguamiento del Refugio Nacional Mixto de Vida Silvestre Gandoca-Manzanillo como apoyo para los procesos de conservación
Fecha
2021
Autores
Vargas Bolaños, Christian
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La importancia de una Zona de Amortiguamiento se enmarca en la conservación y mejoramiento de los recursos que puedan servir para futuras generaciones y que sea sustentable para un modo de vida de los pobladores dentro de ella, con la finalidad de que en un futuro se consoliden servicios ecosistémicos, con ello se facilitaría las ganancias de los pobladores y la conciencia ambiental de los más jóvenes. La iniciativa de este trabajo fue proponer los criterios sociales, económicos y ecológicos para la Zona de Amortiguamiento (ZA) en el Refugio Nacional Mixto de Vida Silvestre Gandoca Manzanillo (REGAMA), para ello, la metodología elaborada se procedió con el levantamiento de la cobertura de la tierra: boque denso, bosque secundario, pasto, manglar, río, yolillal, zona urbana discontinua; con ello se aprecia el cambio que se ha dado en periodo 1997-2016. Como parte de los resultados obtenidos en el trabajo, es importante mencionar que de las especies encontradas tanto dentro como fuera del REGAMA, son parte de la biodiversidad hallada, así como afuera, siendo la familia de la Fabaceae la más representativa. Por otro lado, mediante el índice de Shannon Wienner se obtuvo como resultado el valor de 2,84 según la cantidad de especies, lo que representa la zona gracias al muestreo efectuado con las parcelas dentro de los parámetros esperados para el sitio de estudio. Finalmente, se logró mediante el apoyo con una encuesta aplicada a expertos que se dieran los criterios sociales, ecológicos y económicos según su conocimiento en el campo de trabajo, y una ponderación que logró identificarlos, siendo las políticas públicas un factor determinante para que una ZA se de en el REGAMA, apoyado por asociaciones de gobierno local, poblados y empresa privada. Así mismo, el poder utilizar zonas de aprovechamiento de recursos de manera sustentable, lo que generaría actividades potenciales para ser desarrolladas con las comunidades locales.
The importance of a Buffer Zone is framed in the conservation and improvement of resources that can be used for future generations and that is sustainable for a way of life of the inhabitants within it, with the purpose that in the future services are consolidated. ecosystems, thereby facilitating the earnings of the inhabitants and the environmental awareness of the youngest. The initiative of this work was to propose the social, economic and ecological criteria for the Buffer Zone (ZA) in the Gandoca Manzanillo National Mixed Wildlife Refuge (REGAMA), for this, the methodology developed proceeded with the lifting of the coverage of the land: dense forest, secondary forest, pasture, mangrove swamp, river, yolillal, discontinuous urban area; This shows the change that has occurred in the period 1997-2016. As part of the results obtained in the work, it is important to mention that of the species found both inside and outside the REGAMA, they are part of the biodiversity found, as well as outside, being the Fabaceae family the most representative. On the other hand, by means of the Shannon Wienner index, the value of 2.84 was obtained according to the number of species, which represents the area thanks to the sampling carried out with the plots within the expected parameters for the study site. Finally, it was achieved through the support with a survey applied to experts that the social, ecological and economic criteria were given according to their knowledge in the field of work, and a weighting that managed to identify them, with public policies being a determining factor for a ZA It is part of the REGAMA, supported by local government associations, towns and private companies. Likewise, being able to use resource use areas in a sustainable way, which would generate potential activities to be developed with local communities.
The importance of a Buffer Zone is framed in the conservation and improvement of resources that can be used for future generations and that is sustainable for a way of life of the inhabitants within it, with the purpose that in the future services are consolidated. ecosystems, thereby facilitating the earnings of the inhabitants and the environmental awareness of the youngest. The initiative of this work was to propose the social, economic and ecological criteria for the Buffer Zone (ZA) in the Gandoca Manzanillo National Mixed Wildlife Refuge (REGAMA), for this, the methodology developed proceeded with the lifting of the coverage of the land: dense forest, secondary forest, pasture, mangrove swamp, river, yolillal, discontinuous urban area; This shows the change that has occurred in the period 1997-2016. As part of the results obtained in the work, it is important to mention that of the species found both inside and outside the REGAMA, they are part of the biodiversity found, as well as outside, being the Fabaceae family the most representative. On the other hand, by means of the Shannon Wienner index, the value of 2.84 was obtained according to the number of species, which represents the area thanks to the sampling carried out with the plots within the expected parameters for the study site. Finally, it was achieved through the support with a survey applied to experts that the social, ecological and economic criteria were given according to their knowledge in the field of work, and a weighting that managed to identify them, with public policies being a determining factor for a ZA It is part of the REGAMA, supported by local government associations, towns and private companies. Likewise, being able to use resource use areas in a sustainable way, which would generate potential activities to be developed with local communities.
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Palabras clave
AMORTIZACIÓN, AMORTIZATION, ÁREAS DE PROTECCIÓN, PROTECTION AREAS, COSTA RICA, PROTECCIÓN AMBIENTAL, ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION, REFUGIO NACIONAL DE FAUNA SILVESTRE GANDOCA-MANZANILLO, GANDOCA-MANZANILLO NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE (COSTA RICA)