Envejecimiento y Homosexualidad: Una mirada desde dos estudios costarricenses
Fecha
2016
Autores
León Fernández, Maribel
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Editor
Universidad de La Habana, Cuba
Resumen
Se presentan aquí los resultados de dos estudios realizados en relación con el tema del envejecimiento y la sexualidad, uno de corte mixto y otro cualitativo. En ambos se indagó acerca del conocimiento, creencias, actitudes y acciones de las personas participantes respecto de la sexualidad y otros temas entre los que se incorpora el de la diversidad sexual, en específico la homosexualidad. En el primer estudio se utilizó un cuestionario aplicado a 100 hombres y mujeres adultas mayores y se desarrolló un taller participativo con 25 mujeres adultas y adultas mayores; en el segundo, para aproximarse a las representaciones sociales, se eligió el enfoque procesual, dentro de una metodología fenomenológica y como técnicas se seleccionaron la entrevista (a 8 personas entre las que se encontraban un homosexual gay y una lesbiana) , el grupo focal (dos sesiones) y los registros, en este caso, de 7 poesías elaboradas por personas adultas mayores. Entre los resultados más relevantes del primer estudio se obtuvo que: hay una visión estereotipada de la sexualidad como reproducción; se visualiza la sexualidad como una actividad heterosexual y se tiene un concepto de sexualidad restringida a lo coital y dentro del matrimonio. En el segundo, la homosexualidad se rechazó, pero se respeta y no se juzga ni se critica, a excepción de una persona que, además de rechazarla totalmente, hizo referencia despectiva a ella y en el caso de las personas adultas homosexuales participantes se evidenció temor e inseguridad ante la vejez, así como una autoestima en decrecimiento.
Here we present the results of two studies carried out in relation to the subject of aging and sexuality, one mixed and the other qualitative. Both inquired about the knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and actions of the participants regarding sexuality and other issues including sexual diversity, specifically homosexuality. In the first study, a questionnaire was applied to 100 older men and women and a participatory workshop was developed with 25 older women and adults; in the second, to approach the social representations, the processual approach was chosen, within a phenomenological methodology and as techniques the interview (8 people, including a gay homosexual and a lesbian), the focus group ( two sessions) and the records, in this case, of 7 poems made by older adults. Among the most relevant results of the first study, it was obtained that: there is a stereotyped vision of sexuality as reproduction; sexuality is visualized as a heterosexual activity and there is a concept of sexuality restricted to coital and within marriage. In the second, homosexuality was rejected, but it is respected and is not judged or criticized, with the exception of one person who, in addition to totally rejecting it, made derogatory reference to it and in the case of participating homosexual adults, fear was evidenced. and insecurity in the face of old age, as well as declining self-esteem.
Here we present the results of two studies carried out in relation to the subject of aging and sexuality, one mixed and the other qualitative. Both inquired about the knowledge, beliefs, attitudes and actions of the participants regarding sexuality and other issues including sexual diversity, specifically homosexuality. In the first study, a questionnaire was applied to 100 older men and women and a participatory workshop was developed with 25 older women and adults; in the second, to approach the social representations, the processual approach was chosen, within a phenomenological methodology and as techniques the interview (8 people, including a gay homosexual and a lesbian), the focus group ( two sessions) and the records, in this case, of 7 poems made by older adults. Among the most relevant results of the first study, it was obtained that: there is a stereotyped vision of sexuality as reproduction; sexuality is visualized as a heterosexual activity and there is a concept of sexuality restricted to coital and within marriage. In the second, homosexuality was rejected, but it is respected and is not judged or criticized, with the exception of one person who, in addition to totally rejecting it, made derogatory reference to it and in the case of participating homosexual adults, fear was evidenced. and insecurity in the face of old age, as well as declining self-esteem.
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Palabras clave
ENVEJECIMIENTO, HOMOSEXUALIDAD, AGEING, HOMOSEXUALITY