Evaluación de la huella de agua y la gestión del recurso hídrico en las industrias
Fecha
2022-06
Autores
Rios Badilla, Eduard
Boj, Paulo
Alfaro-Chinchilla, Carolina
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ISSN de la revista
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Editor
Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED) (Costa Rica)
Resumen
La forma en que se gestiona el recurso hídrico en las industrias puede ser de gran influencia en sus beneficios y utilidades, así
como en el acceso a fondos verdes. Con el incremento de la población, la expansión agrícola y el cambio climático, el agua se ha
convertido en un recurso de conflictos globales. El sector industrial es normalmente acusado de acarrear implicaciones locales y
sistémicas, así como presión sobre los recursos hídricos, por lo que es necesario que las empresas desarrollen estrategias orientadas
al uso eficiente del agua, así como a la generación de indicadores para afrontar futuros desafíos. En el trabajo se revisan
los conceptos de huella de agua, las aproximaciones más comunes y se repasan elementos del enfoque volumétrico de la Water
Footprint Network (WFN) así como la norma ISO 14046 como metodología recomendada para generar indicadores de impacto
de los diferentes bienes y servicios. Se incluye una revisión de buenas prácticas ambientales, estrategias de producción más
limpia y casos de éxito en la reducción del consumo de agua en las industrias. Así mismo, se reflexiona sobre la importancia de la
gestión del agua para el desarrollo sostenible y la utilidad de indicadores de gestión del agua para la toma de decisiones estratégicas
en las empresas. Finalmente, se considera la responsabilidad social empresarial en la gestión del agua como promotora
de competitividad.
Water management in industries can have a positive influence on their earning profits and enhance access to investment and green funds, as well. However, considering agricultural expansion, the exponential growth of the population, and climate change, water has become a global concern. The industrial sector is often accused of being an agent of pressure for interfering both locally and systemically on water resources. Therefore, companies must develop strategies oriented to the efficient use of water, as well as to the generation of indicators to address future challenges. This paper reexamines the concepts of water footprint and the most common approaches to water management. It reviews elements of the volumetric approach of the Water Footprint Network (WFN) as well as the ISO 14046 standard as recommended methodology to generate impact indicators for different goods and services. A review of good environmental practices, cleaner production strategies and successful cases in the reduction of water consumption in industries is included in this work, in which the authors highlight the role of industries in the conservation of water resources and ecosystems. The paper also reflects on the importance of water management for sustainable development and the usefulness of water management indicators for strategic decision-making practices in companies. A final remark is made on social corporate responsibility regarding the management of water to promote competitivity.
Water management in industries can have a positive influence on their earning profits and enhance access to investment and green funds, as well. However, considering agricultural expansion, the exponential growth of the population, and climate change, water has become a global concern. The industrial sector is often accused of being an agent of pressure for interfering both locally and systemically on water resources. Therefore, companies must develop strategies oriented to the efficient use of water, as well as to the generation of indicators to address future challenges. This paper reexamines the concepts of water footprint and the most common approaches to water management. It reviews elements of the volumetric approach of the Water Footprint Network (WFN) as well as the ISO 14046 standard as recommended methodology to generate impact indicators for different goods and services. A review of good environmental practices, cleaner production strategies and successful cases in the reduction of water consumption in industries is included in this work, in which the authors highlight the role of industries in the conservation of water resources and ecosystems. The paper also reflects on the importance of water management for sustainable development and the usefulness of water management indicators for strategic decision-making practices in companies. A final remark is made on social corporate responsibility regarding the management of water to promote competitivity.
Descripción
Palabras clave
HUELLA HÍDRICA, ISO 14046, GESTIÓN DEL AGUA, HUELLA AMBIENTAL, LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS, WATER SCARCITY