Población y desarrollo: nuevos rumbos en el debate y la acción social
Fecha
1997-12-01
Autores
Barahona Montero, Manuel Antonio
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
Desde Malthus el debate sobre las interrelaciones entre población y crecimiento económico han estado signadas por profundas discrepancias en cuanto al sentido e impacto de su acción recíproca de causa y efecto.
Las preocupaciones de Malthus se centraron básicamente en el conflicto que él percibía entre el crecimiento de la población y el aumento de los bienes de subsistencia. En la etapa moderna, se ha tendido a visualizar el problema desde la óptica de las relaciones entre el crecimiento poblacional y el incremento del Producto Interno Bruto (PIB) o el ingreso agregado por habitante.
En el abordaje de estos asuntos, básicamente se han decantado dos posiciones. Una de corte poblacionista que al asumir la población como el principal recurso con que cuentan las sociedades para su desarrollo postula que el crecimiento demográfico incide favorablemente en el proceso de desarrollo. Alternativamente, surge un conjunto de interpretaciones que apuntan a que una disminución en el ritmo de crecimiento poblacional puede incidir de manera favorable en la economía y la reducción de los niveles de pobreza.
Since Malthus, the debate on the interrelationships between population and economic growth have been marked by profound discrepancies regarding the meaning and impact of their reciprocal action of cause and effect. Malthus's concerns basically centered on the conflict he perceived between population growth and increased subsistence assets. In the modern stage, the problem has tended to be viewed from the perspective of the relationships between population growth and the increase in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) or aggregate income per inhabitant. In addressing these issues, basically two positions have been chosen. One of a populationist nature, assuming population as the main resource that societies have for their development, postulates that demographic growth has a favorable impact on the development process. Alternatively, a set of interpretations arises that point out that a decrease in the rate of population growth can have a favorable impact on the economy and the reduction of poverty levels.
Since Malthus, the debate on the interrelationships between population and economic growth have been marked by profound discrepancies regarding the meaning and impact of their reciprocal action of cause and effect. Malthus's concerns basically centered on the conflict he perceived between population growth and increased subsistence assets. In the modern stage, the problem has tended to be viewed from the perspective of the relationships between population growth and the increase in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) or aggregate income per inhabitant. In addressing these issues, basically two positions have been chosen. One of a populationist nature, assuming population as the main resource that societies have for their development, postulates that demographic growth has a favorable impact on the development process. Alternatively, a set of interpretations arises that point out that a decrease in the rate of population growth can have a favorable impact on the economy and the reduction of poverty levels.
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Palabras clave
CRECIMIENTO ECONÓMICO, CRECIMIENTO DEMOGRÁFICO, DESARROLLO ECONÓMICO Y SOCIAL, POBLACIÓN, ECONOMIC GROWTH, POPULATION GROWTH, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT, POPULATION