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Chapter 11 Degradation and Environmental Impacts of Starch Nanomaterials
(Springer (Alemania), 2024) Duarte, Shirley; Ferreiro, Omayra; Jose-Roberto, Vega-Baudrit
Abstract. Starch is a biodegradable polysaccharide with several food applications and can produce biodegradable materials [1, 2]. Starch nanomaterials (SNMts) have received increasing attention in recent years because of their unique properties and because they offer the opportunity for distinctive use in various fields, such as food engi-neering, medicine, the textile industry, cosmetics, and others. SNMts have been used to develop nanocomposite films because these nanomaterials can improve mechan-ical and barrier properties [2–6]. Carbon dioxide, methane, water, inorganic compounds, or biomass could be produced during biodegradation. In addition, there is modification of the physico-chemical and surface properties of the material, reduction of mechanical properties, and weight loss. It is a desirable process favored by microorganisms and environ-mental factors [1]. However, their environmental effects still need to be studied, as biodegradable materials may not be compostable, i.e., they could be disintegrated to reduced particle sizes, but these particles could still cause ecotoxic damage [7].