Examinando por Autor "Holland, Nina"

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Manganese in teeth and neurodevelopment in young Mexican-American children
(Elsevier, 2015-10) Gunier, Robert; Arora, Manish; jerrett, michael; Bradman, Asa; Harley, Kim; Mora, Ana Maria; Kogut, Katherine; Hubbard, Alan; Austin, Christine; Holland, Nina; Eskenazi, Brenda
Introduction: Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient but higher exposure has been associated with poorer neurodevelopment in children. Methods: We measured Mn levels in prenatal (Mnpre) (n=197) and postnatal (Mnpost) dentin (n=193) from children's shed teeth using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy and examined the relationship with children's scores on the Mental Development Index (MDI) and Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development at 6, 12, and 24-months. We explored non-linear associations and interactions by sex, blood lead concentrations and maternal iron status during pregnancy. Results: A two-fold increase of Mnpost levels in dentin was associated with small decreases in MDI at 6-months and 12-months of age. We also observed a non-linear relationship between Mnpost levels and PDI at 6-months. We found effect modification by sex for Mnpost levels and neurodevelopment at 6-months with stronger effects among girls for both MDI (-1.5 points; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): -2.4, -0.6) and PDI (-1.8 points; 95% CI: -3.3, -0.3). Girls whose mothers had lower hemoglobin levels experienced larger decreases in MDI and PDI associated with Mnpre levels than girls whose mothers had higher hemoglobin levels (pinteraction=0.007 and 0.09, respectively). We did not observe interactions with blood lead concentrations or any relationships with neurodevelopment at 24-months. Conclusions: Using Mn measurements in tooth dentin, a novel biomarker that provides prenatal and early postnatal levels, we observed negative transient associations between postnatal Mn levels and early neurodevelopment with effect modification by sex and interactions with prenatal hemoglobin
Prenatal Exposure to Mixtures of Phthalates, Parabens, and Other Phenols and Obesity in Five-Year-Olds in the CHAMACOS Cohort
(International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2021-02-12) Berger, Kimberly; Hyland, Carly; Ames, Jennifer; Mora, Ana Maria; Huen, Karen; Eskenazi, Brenda; Holland, Nina; Harley, Kim
Exposures to phthalates, parabens, and other phenols are often correlated due to their ubiquitous use in personal care products and plastics. Examining these compounds as a complex mixture may clarify inconsistent relationships between individual chemicals and childhood adiposity. Using data from the Center for the Health Assessment of Mothers and Children of Salinas (CHAMACOS) study, a longitudinal cohort of children in Salinas Valley, California (n = 309), we examined biomarkers of 11 phthalate metabolites and 9 phenols, including several parabens and bisphenol A, measured in maternal urine at two time points during pregnancy. We measured child height and weight at age five to calculate the body mass index (BMI) z-scores and overweight/obesity status. The association between prenatal urinary concentrations of biomarkers with the childhood BMI z-score and overweight/obesity status was analyzed using single-pollutant models and two mixture methods: Bayesian hierarchical modeling (BMH) and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR). Urinary concentrations of monoethyl phthalate, monocarboxy-isononly phthalate (metabolites of diethyl phthalate and di-isodecyl phthalate, respectively), and propylparaben were consistently associated with an increased BMI z-score and overweight/obesity status across all modeling approaches. Higher prenatal exposures to the cumulative biomarker mixture also trended with greater childhood adiposity. These results, robust across two methods that control for co-pollutant confounding, suggest that prenatal exposure to certain phthalates and parabens may increase the risk for obesity in early childhood.
Prevalence and Clinical Profi le of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Infection among Farmworkers, California, USA, June–November 2020
(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2021-05) Mora, Ana Maria; Andrejko, Kristin; Lewnard, Joseph; Nkwocha, Oguchi; Kogut, Katherine; Rauch, Stephen A .; Morga, Norma; Hernandez, Samantha; Wong, Marcus; Huen, Karen; Jewell, Nicholas; Parra, Kimberly L.; Holland, Nina; Harris, Eva; Cuevas, Maximiliano; Eskenazi, Brenda
During the ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, farmworkers in the United States are consid ered essential personnel and continue in-person work. We conducted prospective surveillance for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and antibody prevalence among farmwork ers in Salinas Valley, California, during June 15–No vember 30, 2020. We observed 22.1% (1,514/6,864) positivity for SARS-CoV-2 infection among farmwork ers compared with 17.2% (1,255/7,305) among other adults from the same communities (risk ratio 1.29, 95% CI 1.20–1.37). In a nested study enrolling 1,115 farm workers, prevalence of current infection was 27.7% among farmworkers reporting >1 COVID-19 symptom and 7.2% among farmworkers without symptoms (ad justed odds ratio 4.16, 95% CI 2.85–6.06). Prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies increased from 10.5% (95% CI 6.0%–18.4%) during July 16–August 31 to 21.2% (95% CI 16.6%–27.4%) during November 1–30. High SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence among farmworkers underscores the need for vaccination and other pre ventive interventions.