Examinando por Autor "Aiuppa, Alessandro"

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Aerial strategies advance volcanic gas measurements at inaccessible, strongly degassing volcanoes
(American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2020-10-30) Liu, Emma; Bitetto, Marcello; Clarke, Robert; Edmonds, Marie; Hayer, Catherine; Nowicki, Scott; Schipper, C Ian; Aiuppa, Alessandro; Alan, Alfredo; Arellano, Santiago; Bobrowski, Nicole; Carn, Simon A.; Corrales, Ernesto; Moor, J. Maarten de; Díaz, Jorge Andrés; Fischer, Tobias P.; Freer, Jim E.; Fricke, G. Matthew; Galle, Bo O.; Itikarai, Ima; Jones, J.; Mason, Emily; Mulina, Kila; Rahilly, Kristen E; Rüdiger, Julian; Watson, I. Matthew; Gerdes, Gustav; Giudice, Gaetano; Gutmann, Alexandra; McCormick, Brendan; Richardson, Thomas
Volcanic emissions are a critical pathway in Earth’s carbon cycle. Here, we show that aerial measurements of volcanic gases using unoccupied aerial systems (UAS) transform our ability to measure and monitor plumes remotely and to constrain global volatile fluxes from volcanoes. Combining multi-scale measurements from ground-based remote sensing, long-range aerial sampling, and satellites, we present comprehensive gas fluxes—3760 ± [600, 310] tons day−1 CO2 and 5150 ± [730, 340] tons day−1 SO2—for a strong yet previously uncharac terized volcanic emitter: Manam, Papua New Guinea. The CO2/ST ratio of 1.07 ± 0.06 suggests a modest slab sediment contribution to the sub-arc mantle. We find that aerial strategies reduce uncertainties associated with ground-based remote sensing of SO2 flux and enable near–real-time measurements of plume chemistry and carbon isotope composition. Our data emphasize the need to account for time averaging of temporal variability in volcanic gas emissions in global flux estimates
New insights into the magmatic-hydrothermal system and volatile budget of Lastarria volcano, Chile: Integrated results from the 2014 IAVCEI CCVG 12th Volcanic Gas Workshop
(Geological Society of America, 2018-05-07) Lopez, Taryn; Aguilera, Felipe; Tassi, Franco; De Moor, J. Marteen; Bobrowski, Nicole; Aiuppa, Alessandro; Tamburello, Giancarlo; Rizzo, Andrea L.; Liuzzo, Marco; Viveiros, Fátima; Cardellini, Carlo; Silva, Catarina; Fischer, Tobias; Philippe, Jean-Baptiste; Kazayaha, Ryunosuke; Hidalgo, Silvana; Malowany, Kalina; Lucic, Gregor; Bagnato, Emanuela; Bergsson, Baldur; Reath, Kevin; Liotta, Marcello; Carn, Simon; Chiodini, Giovanni
Recent geophysical evidence for large-scale regional crustal inflation and localized crustal magma intrusion has made Lastarria volcano (northern Chile) the target of numerous geological, geophysical, and geochemical studies. The chemical composition of volcanic gases sampled during discrete campaigns from Lastarria volcano indicated a well-developed hydrothermal system from direct fumarole samples in A.D. 2006, 2008, and 2009, and shallow magma degassing using measurements from in situ plume sampling techniques in 2012. It is unclear if the differences in measured gas compositions and resulting interpretations were due to artifacts of the different sampling methods employed, short-term excursions from baseline due to localized changes in stress, or a systematic change in Lastarria’s magmatic-hydrothermal system between 2009 and 2012. Integrated results from a two-day volcanic gas sampling and measurement campaign during the 2014 International Association of Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth’s Interior (IAVCEI) Commission on the Chemistry of Volcanic Gases (CCVG) 12th Gas Workshop are used here to compare and evaluate current gas sampling and measurement techniques, refine the existing subsurface models for Lastarria volcano, and provide new constraints on its magmatic-hydrothermal system and total degassing budget. While compositional differences among sampling methods are present, distinct compositional changes are observed, which if representative of long-term trends, indicate a change in Lastarria’s overall magmatic-hydrothermal system. The composition of volcanic gases measured in 2014 contained high proportions of relatively magma- and water-soluble gases consistent with degassing of shallow magma, and in agreement with the 2012 gas composition. When compared with gas compositions measured in 2006–2009, higher relative H2O/CO2 ratios combined with lower relative CO2/St and H2O/St and stable HCl/St ratios (where St is total S [SO2 + H2S]) are observed in 2012 and 2014.