Inventario de emisiones de mercurio en Costa Rica en el 2014 utilizando la herramienta del PNUMA en un nivel N2
Fecha
2018
Autores
Murillo Hernández, Julio César
Herrera-Murillo, Jorge
Sibaja, José
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Editor
Universidad Nacional (Costa Rica)
Resumen
El Convenio de Minamata se firmó en octubre del 2013 buscando proteger la salud humana y el medio ambiente de las liberaciones y emisiones antropogénicas tanto de mercurio elemental como de los compuestos que contienen este elemento. Al ratificar Costa Rica este instrumento, se comprometió a elaborar y mantener actualizado un inventario de las emisiones de mercurio. En el presente trabajo, se utilizó la herramienta que propone el PNUMA para generar el primer inventario de mercurio en el nivel N2 del país, que considera las liberaciones de este elemento en las matrices aire, agua, suelo, productos y residuos. Tomando como año de referencia el 2014, la estimación de la emisión de mercurio para Costa Rica fue contabilizada en 5 052 kg, con un intervalo de incertidumbre entre 2 675 kg y 10 525 kg. Los sectores más importantes, en cuanto la emisión total, fueron la extracción de oro con amalgamación (42%), la quema informal de residuos (15 %) y el uso de amalgamas dentales (10 %). Las matrices más impactadas fueron el aire (29 %), agua (28 %) y suelo (21 %), respectivamente.
The Minamata Convention was signed in October 2013 to protect human health and the environment from releases and anthropogenic emissions of elemental mercury and compounds containing this element. When Costa Rica ratified this instrument, the country committed to develop and keep updated an inventory of emissions from the relevant sources of mercury. In the present work, the tool proposed by UNEP was used to generate the first mercury inventory at the N2 level of the country, which considers releases of mercury in air, water, soil, product and waste matrices. Taking 2014 as the reference year, the estimated mercury emission for Costa Rica was recorded at 5 052 kg, with an uncertainty interval between 2 675 kg and 10 525 kg; and the most important sectors in terms of the total emission were the extraction of gold with amalgamation (42 %), informal burning of waste (15 %) and use of dental amalgams (10 %). The most impacted matrices were air (29 %), water (28 %) and soil (21 %), respectively.
The Minamata Convention was signed in October 2013 to protect human health and the environment from releases and anthropogenic emissions of elemental mercury and compounds containing this element. When Costa Rica ratified this instrument, the country committed to develop and keep updated an inventory of emissions from the relevant sources of mercury. In the present work, the tool proposed by UNEP was used to generate the first mercury inventory at the N2 level of the country, which considers releases of mercury in air, water, soil, product and waste matrices. Taking 2014 as the reference year, the estimated mercury emission for Costa Rica was recorded at 5 052 kg, with an uncertainty interval between 2 675 kg and 10 525 kg; and the most important sectors in terms of the total emission were the extraction of gold with amalgamation (42 %), informal burning of waste (15 %) and use of dental amalgams (10 %). The most impacted matrices were air (29 %), water (28 %) and soil (21 %), respectively.
Descripción
Palabras clave
CONVENIO DE MINAMATA, MERCURIO, MERCURY, MINAMATA CONVENTION, CONSERVACIÓN DE LA NATURALEZA, EXTRACCIÓN, CONTAMINACION, MINAS METALÍFERAS, INVENTARIO, METALES, INVENTORY