Monitoreo limnológico de sistemas lacustres representativos de Costa Rica
Fecha
2025-04-09
Autores
Arias Andrés, María Jesús
Esquivel Hernández, Germán
Ugalde Salazar, Rocío
Echeverría Sáenz, Silvia
Esquivel Hernández, Adriana
Sánchez Gutiérrez, Rolando
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
El desarrollo de estudios limnológicos en los trópicos proporciona un nuevo paradigma para el estudio de aguas continentales, que tradicionalmente se ha centrado en la caracterización de sistemas ubicados en regiones templadas. Se demuestra que las aguas continentales son muy importantes en la regulación de la mayoría de los ciclos biogeoquímicos y que el paradigma tradicional, que limita la limnología al estudio de sistemas individuales (es decir, microcosmos), ya no es válido. Por ello, la limnología resurge como una ciencia integral e interdisciplinaria, que adopta un enfoque ecosistémico para estudiar procesos fundamentales o resolver problemas específicos. Por ejemplo, hoy se reconocen los lagos como importantes centinelas del cambio climático, ya que registran procesos que modifican su química, hidrología y biología, relacionados con variaciones climáticas a diferentes escalas. Esta actividad académica tiene como objetivo dar continuidad al monitoreo hidrogeoquímico y biológico de sistemas lacustres representativos de Costa Rica, que el IRET y la Escuela de Química realizan en conjunto desde 2021, reforzando en esta etapa el vínculo con la institucionalidad pública y la comunidad nacional. La actividad consiste en el monitoreo de lagos con diferencias en sus niveles de contaminación acuática, altitud e impactos antropogénicos, con el fin de generar información sistemática sobre especies y sus características hidrogeoquímicas y fisicoquímicas (es decir, composición iónica, concentración y composición de la materia orgánica disuelta, concentración y composición isotópica del carbono inorgánico disuelto, composición isotópica del agua, residuos de plaguicidas y nutrientes), así como del estado de sus comunidades biológicas (es decir, pico y fitoplancton), estableciendo una línea base para el monitoreo de la salud de los ecosistemas. Esta información servirá como referencia para futuras investigaciones sobre impacto ambiental, hidrogeoquímicas y biológicas que se desarrollan en regiones tropicales. El monitoreo del estado hidrogeoquímico y biológico en sistemas lacustres representativos de Costa Rica busca conocer las variaciones temporales y espaciales del estado de salud de los ecosistemas lénticos del país, proporcionando información crucial para su evaluación en fases posteriores.
Se presentan los resultados anuales del monitoreo, que incluyen tres tipos de datos:
1. Base de datos con información hidrogeoquímica.
2. Base de datos sobre comunidades autótrofas microbianas.
3. Base de datos sobre comunidades de invertebrados acuáticos.
Los ecosistemas analizados son: Laguna Río Cuarto, Laguna Hule, Laguna Madre de Dios, Laguna Ditkevi y Laguna Barva.
The development of limnological studies in the tropics provides a new paradigm for the study of inland waters, which has traditionally focused on the characterization of systems located in temperate regions. It is shown that inland waters are very important in the regulation of most biogeochemical cycles and that the traditional paradigm, which limits limnology to the study of individual systems (i.e., microcosms), is no longer valid. Therefore, limnology is re-emerging as a comprehensive and interdisciplinary science, adopting an ecosystem approach to study fundamental processes or solve specific problems. For example, lakes are now recognized as important sentinels of climate change, since they record processes that modify their chemistry, hydrology and biology, related to climatic variations at different scales. This academic activity aims to give continuity to the hydrogeochemical and biological monitoring of lake systems the IRET and the School of Chemistry have been working together since 2021, strengthening at this stage the link with public institutions and the national community. The activity consists of monitoring lakes with differences in their levels of aquatic pollution, altitude and anthropogenic impacts, in order to generate systematic information on species and their hydrogeochemical and physicochemical characteristics (i.e., ionic composition, concentration and composition of dissolved organic matter, concentration and composition of dissolved organic matter, concentration and isotopic composition of inorganic carbon, etc.), concentration and isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon, isotopic composition of water, pesticide residues and nutrients), as well as the status of their biological communities (i.e., pico and phytoplankton), establishing a baseline for monitoring ecosystem health. This information will serve as a baseline for future environmental impact, hydrogeochemical and biological research being conducted in tropical regions. The monitoring of the hydrogeochemical and biological status in representative lake systems of Costa Rica seeks to understand the temporal and spatial variations in the health status of the country's lentic ecosystems, providing crucial information for their evaluation in later phases. The annual monitoring results are presented, which include three types of data: 1. database with hydrogeochemical information. 2. Database on microbial autotrophic communities. 3. Database on aquatic invertebrate communities. The ecosystems analyzed are: Rio Cuarto Lagoon, Hule Lagoon, Madre de Dios Lagoon, Ditkevi Lagoon and Barva Lagoon.
The development of limnological studies in the tropics provides a new paradigm for the study of inland waters, which has traditionally focused on the characterization of systems located in temperate regions. It is shown that inland waters are very important in the regulation of most biogeochemical cycles and that the traditional paradigm, which limits limnology to the study of individual systems (i.e., microcosms), is no longer valid. Therefore, limnology is re-emerging as a comprehensive and interdisciplinary science, adopting an ecosystem approach to study fundamental processes or solve specific problems. For example, lakes are now recognized as important sentinels of climate change, since they record processes that modify their chemistry, hydrology and biology, related to climatic variations at different scales. This academic activity aims to give continuity to the hydrogeochemical and biological monitoring of lake systems the IRET and the School of Chemistry have been working together since 2021, strengthening at this stage the link with public institutions and the national community. The activity consists of monitoring lakes with differences in their levels of aquatic pollution, altitude and anthropogenic impacts, in order to generate systematic information on species and their hydrogeochemical and physicochemical characteristics (i.e., ionic composition, concentration and composition of dissolved organic matter, concentration and composition of dissolved organic matter, concentration and isotopic composition of inorganic carbon, etc.), concentration and isotopic composition of dissolved inorganic carbon, isotopic composition of water, pesticide residues and nutrients), as well as the status of their biological communities (i.e., pico and phytoplankton), establishing a baseline for monitoring ecosystem health. This information will serve as a baseline for future environmental impact, hydrogeochemical and biological research being conducted in tropical regions. The monitoring of the hydrogeochemical and biological status in representative lake systems of Costa Rica seeks to understand the temporal and spatial variations in the health status of the country's lentic ecosystems, providing crucial information for their evaluation in later phases. The annual monitoring results are presented, which include three types of data: 1. database with hydrogeochemical information. 2. Database on microbial autotrophic communities. 3. Database on aquatic invertebrate communities. The ecosystems analyzed are: Rio Cuarto Lagoon, Hule Lagoon, Madre de Dios Lagoon, Ditkevi Lagoon and Barva Lagoon.
Descripción
Se presentan los datos de cada año de manera individual.
Proyecto Monitoreo limnológico de sistemas lacustres representativos de Costa Rica: Fase II, N° SIA 0283-24
Palabras clave
LIMNOLOGIA, FITOPLANCTON, HIDROLOGÍA, MATERIA ORGÁNICA, IONES, ISÓTOPOS, INVERTEBRADOS, ORGANISMOS ACUÁTICOS, PLAGUICIDAS, LIMNOLOGY, PHYTOPLANCTON, HYDROLOGY, ORGANIC MATTER, IONS, ISOTOPES, INVERTEBRATES, AQUATIC ORGANISMS, PESTICIDES