Micropropagación de clones superiores de caoba (Swietenia macrophylla King) a partir de segmentos nodales
Fecha
2019-07-01
Autores
Rojas Vargas, Alejandra
Hine, Ana
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Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La caoba es la especie forestal nativa económicamente más importante en Latinoamérica, se encuentra en el Apéndice II de CITES, debido a que registra un elevado índice de explotación, producto de la alta extracción sufrida a lo largo de décadas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue desarrollar un protocolo para el establecimiento in vitro de 2 clones (33 y 80), pertenecientes a un programa de mejoramiento genético forestal. Se lograron establecer segmentos nodales de los clones 83 y 33 en condiciones in vitro, al emplear hipoclorito de calcio al 15 % con un tiempo de exposición de 20 minutos. El mejor medio de cultivo para el establecimiento in vitro de los nudos fue el MS complementado con 3 % de sacarosa, 0.016 g/l de agrimicin y benlate, obteniéndose un 55 % de nudos establecidos a los 16 días de cultivo. En ambos clones se evaluó el efecto de 5 concentraciones de 6-Bencilaminopurina (6-BAP) (0.0, 0.44, 0.88, 1.33, 1.77 y 2.21 μM L-1) sobre la brotación. Se obtuvo en promedio un brote por explante en los 5 tratamientos evaluados. No se observaron diferencias estadísticas significativas.
Mahogany is the most economically important native forest species in Latin America. It is listed in Appendix II of CITES because it has a high exploitation rate due to decades of high extraction rates. The objective of this research was to develop a protocol for the in vitro establishment of two clones (33 and 80), that belong to a forest genetic improvement program. Nodal segments of clones 83 and 33 were established under in vitro conditions using 15 % calcium hypochlorite with an exposure time of 20 minutes. The best culture medium for in vitro establishment of the nodes was MS supplemented with 3% sucrose, 0.016 g/L of agrimycin and benlate, whose use resulted in establishment in 55% of nodes after 16 days of culture. In both clones, the effect of five concentrations of 6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) (0.0, 0.44, 0.88, 1.33, 1.77, and 2.21 μM L-1) on sprouting was evaluated. On average, one sprout per explant was obtained in the 5 treatments evaluated. No significant statistical differences were observed.
Mahogany is the most economically important native forest species in Latin America. It is listed in Appendix II of CITES because it has a high exploitation rate due to decades of high extraction rates. The objective of this research was to develop a protocol for the in vitro establishment of two clones (33 and 80), that belong to a forest genetic improvement program. Nodal segments of clones 83 and 33 were established under in vitro conditions using 15 % calcium hypochlorite with an exposure time of 20 minutes. The best culture medium for in vitro establishment of the nodes was MS supplemented with 3% sucrose, 0.016 g/L of agrimycin and benlate, whose use resulted in establishment in 55% of nodes after 16 days of culture. In both clones, the effect of five concentrations of 6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BAP) (0.0, 0.44, 0.88, 1.33, 1.77, and 2.21 μM L-1) on sprouting was evaluated. On average, one sprout per explant was obtained in the 5 treatments evaluated. No significant statistical differences were observed.
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BENCILAMINOPURINA, BENZYLAMINOPURINE, CULTIVO IN VITRO, IN VITRO CULTIVATION, ESPECIE FORESTAL, FORESTRY SPECIES, ESTUDIOS DE CASOS, CASE STUDIES, MICROPROPAGACIÓN, MICROPROPAGATION, NUDOS, KNOTS, PROGRAMA MEJORAMIENTO GENÉTICO, GENETIC IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM, REDNIA, SEGMENTOS NODALES, NODAL SEGMENTS, SWIETENIA MACROPHYLLA