Atracción de Inversión Extranjera Directa: caso de estudio de la creación del Laboratorio de Innovación en Sostenibilidad de la Empresa Accenture Costa Rica
Fecha
2021-04-30
Autores
Moreira Hernández, Alejandra
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica.
Resumen
La economía del mundo atraviesa un momento de incertidumbre que se siente en todos los sectores económicos incluyendo el comercio internacional, esto a raíz de una crisis económica influenciada por una pandemia a nivel mundial, en este sentido, tanto los países como las empresas multinacionales se encuentran reevaluando su posicionamiento a nivel internacional y sus posibilidades de disminuir los impactos negativos de esta crisis.
Aun así, hay empresas y sectores como las tecnologías digitales están creciendo cada vez más, y buscan oportunidades de localización para sus inversiones, de ahí que este sector representa una oportunidad para que estados como Costa Rica atraigan estas oportunidades de inversión que puedan impactar de forma positiva el desarrollo económico del país y su posicionamiento a nivel internacional, un ejemplo de esto será la creación del Laboratorio de Sostenibilidad de la Empresa Accenture en el país.
Este documento analiza los factores que incidieron en la toma de decisión de la empresa Accenture en la creación del Laboratorio de Sostenibilidad en Costa Rica, lo que se buscará a través de contrastar los elementos institucionales de competividad nacional liderados por el Ministerio de Comercio Exterior y la Coalición Costarricense de Iniciativas de Desarrollo (CINDE) frente a la estructura de la empresa a nivel nacional y su posicionamiento a nivel global.
La Investigación está dividida en cuatro capítulos. El primero que muestra el contexto general de la investigación, expone los antecedentes, la justificación, explica el vacío del conocimiento que conlleva el problema y finalmente detalla los objetivos del estudio.
El segundo capítulo expone el marco referencial y metodológico. El marco referencial desde el análisis y enfoque de Competitividad Sistémica, hasta el modelo de localización de Dunning, por sus siglas en inglés Ownership, Localization e Internalization (OLI), así como el aporte de otras referencias teóricas como innovación abierta.
El tercer capítulo describe y analiza los resultados obtenidos de la información recopilada de cada uno de los sujetos de estudio, así como el análisis del material de apoyo en cada caso. Inicia con la descripción de los elementos institucionales de promoción para la atracción de
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inversión extranjera directa que ofrece Costa Rica a las empresas. Posteriormente, se analizan los elementos internos que Accenture consideró para iniciar su proceso de creación del Laboratorio de Innovación en Sostenibilidad y finalmente se contrasta la información recibida por parte de la empresa y del Ministerio de Comercio Exterior y CINDE en cuanto a elementos de atracción de inversión extranjera directa.
Por último, el cuarto capítulo expone las conclusiones y recomendaciones específicas de la presente investigación.
The world’s economy is going through a moment of uncertainty felt in all economic sectors including international trade, because of an economic crisis influenced by a global pandemic, in this sense, both countries and multinational companies are reassessing its position at the international level and its possibilities of reducing the negative impacts of this crisis. Despite this, there are companies and sectors such as digital technologies that are growing more and more and are constantly seeking investment opportunities. Thus, this sector represents an opportunity for Costa Rica to attract these investments that can positively impact the country’s economic development and its position at the international level. An example of this will be the creation of the Accenture Sustainability Lab in the country. This document discusses the factors that influenced the decision-making process of the company Accenture during the creation of the Sustainability Lab in Costa Rica by contrasting the institutional elements of national competitiveness led by the Ministerio de Comercio Exterior y la Coalición Costarricense de Iniciativas de Desarrollo (CINDE) (CINDE) regarding the company’s structure in Costa Rica and its global position. The investigation is divided into four chapters. The first chapter describes the general background of the problem and its justification for filling the knowledge gap and closes by defining the objectives of the study. The second chapter outlines the methodological framework from the analysis and approach of Systemic Competitiveness, to the Dunning location model, for its acronym in English Ownership, Localization, and Internalization (OLI), as well as the contribution of other theoretical references such as Open Innovation. The third chapter describes and analyzes the results obtained from the information collected from each of the study subjects, as well as the analysis of the supporting material in each case. It begins with a description of the institutional promotional tools for attracting foreign direct investment that Costa Rica offers to companies. Subsequently, the internal elements that Accenture considered to start its process of creating the Sustainability Lab are analyzed xi and finally the information received from the company and the Ministerio de Comercio Exterior and CINDE in terms of investment attraction elements is contrasted. Finally, the fourth chapter includes the conclusions and specific recommendations based from the present investigation.
The world’s economy is going through a moment of uncertainty felt in all economic sectors including international trade, because of an economic crisis influenced by a global pandemic, in this sense, both countries and multinational companies are reassessing its position at the international level and its possibilities of reducing the negative impacts of this crisis. Despite this, there are companies and sectors such as digital technologies that are growing more and more and are constantly seeking investment opportunities. Thus, this sector represents an opportunity for Costa Rica to attract these investments that can positively impact the country’s economic development and its position at the international level. An example of this will be the creation of the Accenture Sustainability Lab in the country. This document discusses the factors that influenced the decision-making process of the company Accenture during the creation of the Sustainability Lab in Costa Rica by contrasting the institutional elements of national competitiveness led by the Ministerio de Comercio Exterior y la Coalición Costarricense de Iniciativas de Desarrollo (CINDE) (CINDE) regarding the company’s structure in Costa Rica and its global position. The investigation is divided into four chapters. The first chapter describes the general background of the problem and its justification for filling the knowledge gap and closes by defining the objectives of the study. The second chapter outlines the methodological framework from the analysis and approach of Systemic Competitiveness, to the Dunning location model, for its acronym in English Ownership, Localization, and Internalization (OLI), as well as the contribution of other theoretical references such as Open Innovation. The third chapter describes and analyzes the results obtained from the information collected from each of the study subjects, as well as the analysis of the supporting material in each case. It begins with a description of the institutional promotional tools for attracting foreign direct investment that Costa Rica offers to companies. Subsequently, the internal elements that Accenture considered to start its process of creating the Sustainability Lab are analyzed xi and finally the information received from the company and the Ministerio de Comercio Exterior and CINDE in terms of investment attraction elements is contrasted. Finally, the fourth chapter includes the conclusions and specific recommendations based from the present investigation.
Descripción
Palabras clave
LOCALIZACIÓN, SOSTENIBILIDAD, INVERSIÓN EXTRANJERA DIRECTA, INTERNACIONALIZACIÓN, LOCATION, SUSTAINABILITY, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, INTERNATIONALIZATION, COSTA RICA