Estado del arte de la generación distribuida en Costa Rica: una revisión desde la regulación económica y la experiencia internacional
Fecha
2021-09-24
Autores
Otoya Chavarría, Marco
Acuña Rodríguez, Roxana
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Editor
Universidad Nacional, Costa Rica
Resumen
La sociedad vio un evento trascendental con la invención del bombillo y el surgimiento de la electricidad. La energía eléctrica residencial pasó de ser un lujo a una necesidad básica en los hogares. Sin embargo, los hogares más alejados se encontraban rezagados con aquellos que vivían en poblados numerosos. Con el tiempo se fue modificando la forma de abastecer de energía a la mayor cantidad de población posible, pero a bajos costos, tanto económicos como ambientales. La generación distribuida llegó como forma de solventar dicha problemática.
En este contexto, el esfuerzo del Centro Internacional en Política Económica de desarrollar una revisión literaria exhaustiva sobre la generación distribuida representa una pionera investigación para establecer las características, beneficios, dificultades, uso y capacidad de la misma. La investigación se realiza es parte de la práctica profesional supervisada de la estudiante Roxana Acuña Rodríguez en el CINPE. Su trabajo se realiza a partir de búsqueda de material bibliográfico en internet. En general, se encuentra que Costa Rica ha logrado avanzar significativamente en el tema de la generación distribuida, con la experiencia y la ventaja de tener un modelo que permite disponer de una matriz eléctrica basada en fuentes renovables, al punto que en los últimos años ha logrado un porcentaje cercano al 100% de generación eléctrica partir de fuentes renovables.
Society saw a transcendental event with the invention of the light bulb and the rise of electricity. Over time, residential electric power went from being a luxury to a necessity in homes. However, the most remote households lagged those living in large towns. Over time, the way of supplying energy to the largest possible population was modified, but at low costs, both economic and environmental. Distributed generation came to solve this problem. In this context, the effort of the International Center for Economic Policy to develop an exhaustive literary review on distributed generation represents a pioneering investigation to establish its characteristics, benefits, difficulties, use and capacity. This research is carried out as part of the supervised professional practice of the student Roxana Acuña Rodríguez at CINPE. The work is carried out from a search for bibliographic material on the internet. In general, it is found that Costa Rica has made significant progress on the issue of distributed generation, with the experience and advantage of having a model that allows having an electrical matrix based on renewable sources, to the point that in recent years it has achieved a percentage close to 100% of electricity generation from renewable sources.
Society saw a transcendental event with the invention of the light bulb and the rise of electricity. Over time, residential electric power went from being a luxury to a necessity in homes. However, the most remote households lagged those living in large towns. Over time, the way of supplying energy to the largest possible population was modified, but at low costs, both economic and environmental. Distributed generation came to solve this problem. In this context, the effort of the International Center for Economic Policy to develop an exhaustive literary review on distributed generation represents a pioneering investigation to establish its characteristics, benefits, difficulties, use and capacity. This research is carried out as part of the supervised professional practice of the student Roxana Acuña Rodríguez at CINPE. The work is carried out from a search for bibliographic material on the internet. In general, it is found that Costa Rica has made significant progress on the issue of distributed generation, with the experience and advantage of having a model that allows having an electrical matrix based on renewable sources, to the point that in recent years it has achieved a percentage close to 100% of electricity generation from renewable sources.
Descripción
Palabras clave
GENERACIÓN DISTRIBUIDA, ENERGÍAS RENOVABLES, REGULACIÓN, ECONOMÍA, COSTA RICA, DISTRIBUTED GENERATION, RENEWABLE ENERGY, REGULATION, ECONOMY